The Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Exercises With and Without Counseling Patterns on the Handwriting skills of Students With Writing Disorders

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 1. PhD student in Educational Psychology, Science and Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Karaj branch, Karaj, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of rehabilitation exercises with and without counseling patterns on the handwriting skills of students with writing disorders. Method: The research was applied and semi-experimental, which was conducted as a pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population of the research included female students with writing disorders in the sixth grade of normal public schools in district 4 of Karaj city. For this purpose, 45 people from the statistical population were randomly divided into three groups of 15 people (rehabilitation exercise group, rehabilitation exercise + counseling group, and control group). In the stages before and after the intervention, the Minnesota handwriting skill test (1993) and Fallah Chai's writing disorder (1374) were used. Rehabilitation interventions were in 10 60-minute sessions for the rehabilitation group. Counseling sessions were also conducted in 8 sessions of 60 minutes for the counseling group. To analyze the data, multivariate of covariance (MANCOVA) and Bonferroni's post hoc test were used in the SPSS-26 software environment at the level of 0.05. Results: Rehabilitation exercises with and without counseling patterns a significant effect on improving handwriting skills and reducing students' writing disorders (P<0.05). rehabilitation exercises with counseling patterns had a greater effect than rehabilitation exercises without counseling patterns on improving handwriting skills and reducing students' writing disorders (P<0.05). Conclusion: If counseling patterns are used along with rehabilitation exercises, it is possible to witness the improvement of handwriting skills and the reduction of writing disorders in students.

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Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Learning Disabilities
Volume 14, Issue 4
September 2025
Pages 67-79

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