The role of perceived teacher expectations in predicting cognitive engagement and academic self-efficacy of students with learning disabilities

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Master's student in educational psychology, University of Sistan and Baluchistan, Zahedan, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

3 Associate Professor and Faculty Member of Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchistan, Zahedan, Iran

Abstract

Objective: This research was conducted with the aim of determining the role of perceived teacher expectations in predicting cognitive engagement and academic self-efficacy of students with learning disabilities.
Method: The descriptive research method was correlation. The statistical population of this research includes all students with learning disabilities in the fourth, fifth and sixth grades of Birjand city in the year 1402-1401, 140 of whom were randomly selected according to Morgan's table. The research tool was the teacher's perceived expectations questionnaire (Bulach, 2002), cognitive engagement (Zarang 2011) and academic self-efficacy (Midgley et al., 2000). Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression were used to analyze the statistical data.
Results: The results of the research showed that there was a significant relationship between the perceived teacher's expectations and the cognitive involvement of students with learning disabilities (P<0/01). Also, there was a significant relationship between perceived teacher expectations and academic self-efficacy of students with learning disabilities (P<0/01). The dimensions of perceived teacher's expectations could predict 69% of the changes in cognitive engagement of students with learning disabilities (P<0/01). Dimensions of perceived teacher's expectations also predicted 78% of the changes in academic self-efficacy of students with learning disabilities (P<0/01).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that cognitive engagement and academic self-efficacy are related and effective variables related to students' connection with school.

Keywords

Main Subjects


آرین فر، ع.، سرمدی،م.، صیف م.، ضرابیان ف. (1398). ارائه مدل علی عوامل مؤثر بر یادگیری خودتنظیمی در بین دانشجویان کارشناسی ارشد پیراپزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی. مجله ایرانی آموزش در علوم پزشکی، ۱۹، ۱۶۹-۱۷۹. http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-4905-fa.html
اسلامی، ن .، امیر احمدی آهنگ، م. (1396). بررسی رابطه انتظار معلم و خودکارآمدی با پیشرفت تحصیلی دانش‌آموزان مقطع متوسطه شهرستان بیرجند. فصل نامه مطالعات روان شناسی و علوم تربیتی،2(2)، 141-155. https://civilica.com/doc/1501412
اوضاعی، ن.، احمدی،غ.، عظیم پور، ا. (1400). تأثیر ادراک از محیط یادگیری و درگیری تحصیلی بر عملکرد تحصیلی دانش‌آموزان پسر دوره ی دوم متوسطه: نقش میانجیگری خودکارآمدی تحصیلی. دانش و پژوهش در روان شناسی کاربردی، 22(1 پیاپی 83)، 168-181. https://sanad.iau.ir/journal/jsrparticle_682114.html
تمنایی­فر، م.، و اربابی قهرودی، ف. (1401). رابطه خودتنظیمی و خودکارآمدی با سرزندگی تحصیلی دانش ­آموزان: نقش واسطه­ ای تابآوری تحصیلی. مجله مطالعات روان‌شناسی تربیتی، 19(48)، 61-39. https://jeps.usb.ac.ir/article_7168.html
ثمره، س.، و خضری مقدم، ن. (1394). رابطه بین اهداف پیشرفت و خودکارآمدی تحصیلی، نقش میانجی درگیری تحصیلی. مجله راهبردهای آموزشی، 8(6)،20-12.  http://edcbmj.ir/article-1-917-fa.html
حسنی، م. (1402). نقش سازگاری اجتماعی و اهداف پیشرفت در پیش بینی درگیری تحصیلی دانش‌آموزان با اختلال یادگیری، ایده های نوین روان‌شناسی، 16(20)، 27-20. http://jnip.ir/article-1-879-fa.html
حریریزاده، ف.، برزگر بفرویی،ک.، و زندوانیان، ا. (1402). بررسی رابطه بین چشمانداز زمان و درگیری تحصیلی با نقش میانجی خودکارآمدی در دانشجویان. مجله تازه های علوم شناختی، 25(1)، 59-46. https://icssjournal.ir/article-1-1507-fa.html
حیدری، م.، خلیلی، ف.،جعفری، ع.،گل محمدی، م.، نعمتی، آ. (1401). بررسی اثربخشی و رابطه متقابل انتظارات معلم با خلاقیت در دانش‌آموزان. همایش ملی  علمی پژوهشی روان شناسی و علوم تربیتی، 2-9. https://civilica.com/doc/1575066/
خوشبخت، ف. (1387). بررسی اثرات مدرسه، کلاس و ویژگی های دانش‌آموزان در تبیین عملکرد ریاضی و نگرش نسبت به تحصیل در مدارس ابتدایی: شوهد تجربی مدل اثربخشی. پایان نامه دکتری. شیراز: دانشگاه شیراز
داوودی، س. (1393). ارائه مدل پیش ­بینی پیشرفت تحصیلی زبان انگلیسی با تأکید بر نقش خودکارآمدی تحصیلی، درگیری شناختی، انگیزشی و رفتاری. فصلنامه پژوهش در یادگیری آموزشگاهی، 1(4)، 76-70. https://etl.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_1190.html
دهقانی،ی.، حکمتیان فرد، ص،. و پاسالاری،م. (1397). مقایسه امیدتحصیلی, سرزندگی تحصیلی و درگیری تحصیلی در دانش‌آموزان دارای اختلال یادگیری و عادی. روان‌شناسی افراد استثنایی، 8(31 )، 215-236. https://jpe.atu.ac.ir/article_9587.html
رمضانی،م.، خامسان،ا.، راستگومقدم، م. (1397).رابطة بین حمایت اجتماعی ادراک‌شده از سوی معلم و درگیری تحصیلی: نقش واسطه‌ای خودتنظیمی تحصیلی. نوآوری آموزشی.17(4(68))، 124-107. https://noavaryedu.oerp.ir/article_84342.html
زارع، ا.، حیدری، ح.، داوودی، ح.، و معینی کیا، م. (1401). مدل­یابی تأثیر خودارزیابی بر پیشرفت درس ریاضی دانش ­آموزان دوره دوم متوسطه با میانجی­گری خودتنظیمی و خودکارآمدی ریاضی. فصلنامه روان‌شناسی مدرسه و آموزشگاه. 11(2)، 62-70. [DOI.org/10.22098/jsp.2022.1717]
صفری، ز.، و جعفری زاده،ف. (1402). تأثیر ذهنی سازی بر ادراک و فهم دانش‌آموزان ابتدایی دارای مشکل یادگیری. پنجمین کنفرانس ملی نوآوری و تحقیق در روان‌شناسی، حقوق و مدیریت فرهنگی، تهران. https://civilica.com/doc/1751437
غلامی، س.، و حسین چاری، م. (1390). پیش بینی شادمانی دانش‌آموزان با توجه به اراک آنها از انتظارات معلم، و خودکارآمدی، مجله مطالعات آموزش و پرورش، 3(1)، 85-109. https://doi.org/10.22099/jsli.2011.217
قدم پور، ع.، و بیرانوند، ک. (1396). اثر آموزش معنادرمانی بر شادکامی و سرزندگی تحصیلی دانش‌آموزان.  مجله تازه های علوم شناختی، 19(4)، 43-56 . http://icssjournal.ir/article-1-752-fa.html
کوکبی رحمان، ا.، تقوایی، د.، پیرانی، ذ. (1401). اثربخشی آموزش راهبردهای شناختی و فراشناختی بر انگیزش تحصیلی و درگیری تحصیلی دانش‌آموزان با اختلال یادگیری خاص شهر همدان. سبک زندگی اسلامی با محوریت سلامت، ۷، 62-54. https://islamiclifej.com/article-1-1857-fa.html
مرادی، ج.، یار احمدی، ی.، گودرزی، م.، مردای، ا. (1401). بررسی نقش واسطه ­ای خودکارآمدی تحصیلی در رابطه بین هویت تحصیلی موفق، باورهای معرفت شناختی، نیازهای اساسی روان‌شناختی با انگیزش پیشرفت دانش ­آموزان. روان‌شناسی مدرسه و آموزشگاه، 11(3)، 86-97. https://jsp.uma.ac.ir/article_1810.html?lang=en
ملتفت،ق.، تقوایی نیا،ع.، و ایول،ا. (1398). بررسی رابطه ادراک از کلاس و درگیری تحصیلی به واسطه انگیزش تحصیلی. مطالعات آموزش و یادگیری (علوم اجتماعی و انسانی دانشگاه شیراز).11(2)، 115-134. [DOI.org/10.22099/jsli.2020.5569]
نریمانی، م.، خشنودنیای چماچایی، ب.، زاهد،ع.، و ابوالقاسمی،ع. (1392). نقش درک حمایت معلم در پیش بینی خودکارآمدی تحصیلی دانش ­آموزان دارای ناتوانی یادگیری. ناتوانی­ های یادگیری. 3(1)، 110-128.  https://jld.uma.ac.ir/article_146.html
References
Arin Far, A., Sarmadi, M., Seif, M., & Zarabian, F. (2018). Presenting a causal model of factors affecting self-regulation learning among paramedical master's students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal of Medical Education. 19, 169-179. http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-4905-fa.html
Afrooz, H., Aje-ay, J., Hejazi, E., Moghadam-zadeh, A. (2018). Academic involvement in Iranian high school students: a qualitative study. Journal of School Psychology, (23) 4, (92), 354-371. http://www.iranapsy.ir/Article/21660/FullText
Burns, E.C., Martin, A.J., Collie, R.J. (2021). A future time perspective of secondary school students' academic engagement and disengagement: A longitudinal investigation. Journal of School Psychology, 84: 109-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2020.12.003]
Bulach, C. R. (2001). A four step process for identifying and reshaping school culture. Principal Leadership, 1(8), 48-51.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234755546_A_4-Step_Process_for_Identifying_and_Reshaping_School_Culture
Davoudi, S. (2013). Presenting a model for predicting academic progress in English, emphasizing the role of academic self-efficacy, cognitive engagement, motivation and behavior. Quarterly journal of research in school learning. 1(4):76-70. https://etl.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_1190.html
Dehghani, Y., Hekmatian Fard, S., & Pasalari, M. (2017). Comparison of educational hope, academic vitality and academic involvement in students with learning disabilities and normal students. Psychology of exceptional people, 8(31), 215-236. https://jpe.atu.ac.ir/article_9587.html
Gholami, S., & Hossein Chari, M. (2018). Predicting students' happiness according to their perception of teacher's expectations, and self-efficacy. Journal of Education Studies, 3(1), 85-109. https://doi.org/10.22099/jsli.2011.217
Gremmen, M.C., Vanden Berg, Y. H. M., Steglich, C., & Dijkstra, J. K. (2018). The importance of near-seated peers for elementary students' academic engagement and achievement. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 57: 42-52. [Doi: 10.1016/j.appdev.2018.04.004]
Grøtan, K., Sund, E. R., & Bjerkeset, O. (2019). Mental Health, Academic Self-Efficacy and Study
Progress among College Students. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1-11 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00045
Guo, Q., Samsudin, S., Yang, X., Gao, J., Ramlan, M. A., Abdullah, B., Farizan, N. H. (2023). Relationship between Perceived Teacher Support and Student Engagement in Physical Education: A Systematic Review. Sustainability, 15(7), 6039. [Doi: 10.3390/su15076039]
Hasani, M. (2023). The role of social compatibility and achievement goals in predicting academic engagement of students with learning disabilities. New Ideas of Psychology, 16(20), 20-27. http://jnip.ir/article-1-879-fa.html
Haririzadeh, F., Barzegar Bafroei, K., & Zandavanian, A. (2023). Investigating the relationship between time perspective and academic involvement with the mediating role of self-efficacy in students. New Journal of Cognitive Sciences. https://icssjournal.ir/article-1-1507-fa.html
Heydari, M., Khalili, F., Jafari, A., Gul Mohammadi, M., Nemati, A. (2022). Investigating the effectiveness and mutual relationship between teacher expectations and creativity in students, National Scientific Research Conference of Psychology and Educational Sciences, 9-2. . https://civilica.com/doc/1575066/
Islami, N., & Amir Ahmadi, M. (2016). Examining the relationship between teacher expectation and self-efficacy with the academic achievement of middle school students in Birjand city. Psychology and Educational Sciences Quarterly, 2(2), 141-155. https://civilica.com/doc/1501412
Jarsozeh, G., Yarahmadi, Y., Ahmadian, H. & Akbari, M. (2023). Casual modeling of academic well-being based on motivational self-regulation and emotional self-efficacy by mediating role of academic hardiness in students. Journal of School Psychology and Institutions, 12 (2), 59-74. [DOI.org/10.22098/jsp.2023.6956.4131]
Kadampour, E., & Biranvand, K. (2016). The effect of semantic therapy education on the happiness and academic vitality of students. New Journal of Cognitive Sciences, 19(4), 43-56. http://icssjournal.ir/article-1-752-fa.html
Khoshbakht, F. (2010). Investigating the effects of school, class and students' characteristics in explaining math performance and attitude towards education in primary schools: the empirical evidence of the effectiveness model, Decneri's Thesis. Shiraz: Shiraz University
Kokbi Rahman, I., Taqvai, D., & Pirani, Z (2022). The effectiveness of teaching cognitive and metacognitive strategies on academic motivation and academic engagement of students with specific learning disorders in Hamadan city. Islamic lifestyle with a focus on health. 7, 62-54. https://islamiclifej.com/article-1-1857-fa.html
Megan, L., Kelly Tony, Y., Suzanne H., Royce W., & Megan L. (2023). Secondary teachers’ perceptions of the importance of pedagogical approaches to support students’ behavioural, emotional and cognitive engagement. The Australian Educational Researcher, 2(3), 1025-1047. [Doi: 10.1007/s13384-022-00540-5]
Midgley, C., Maehr, M. L., Hruda, L. Z., Anderman, E., Anderman, L., Freeman, K. E., & Urdan, T. (2000). Manual for the patterns of adaptive learning scales. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2013.47083
Moltafet, Q., Taqwai Niya, A., & Eyol, A. (2018). Investigating the relationship between class perception and academic engagement through academic motivation. Teaching and Learning Studies, 11(2 (77-2)), 115-134. https://doi.org/10.22099/jsli.2020.5569  
Moradi, J., Yarahmadi, Y., Goodarzi, M & Moradi, O. (2022). Investigating the mediating role of academic self-efficacy in the relationship between successful academic identity, epistemological beliefs, basic psychological needs, and students' achievement motivation. Journal of School Psychology and Institutions, 11(3), 86-97. https://jsp.uma.ac.ir/article_1810.html?lang=en
Muthusamy, K., & Sahu, J. K. (2020). Specific learning disability in India: Challenges and opportunities. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 87(2), 91-92. [Doi: 10.1007/s13384-022-00540-5]
Narimani, M., Khushnodunya Chamachai, B., Zahid, A., & Abul Qasimi, A. (2012). The role of perceived teacher support in predicting academic self-efficacy of students with learning disabilities. Learning disabilities, 3(1 (serial 8)), 110-128. https://jld.uma.ac.ir/article_146.html
Ozayi, N., Ahmadi, G., & Azimpour, E. (2021). The effect of perception of the learning environment and academic involvement on the academic performance of male students of the second year of high school: the mediating role of academic self-efficacy. Knowledge and research in applied psychology, 22(1). https://sanad.iau.ir/journal/jsrparticle_682114.html
Pendrill, A. M. (2022). Teacher interventions and student strategies for circular motion problems: a matrix representation. Physics Education, 57(3), 1-10. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6552/ac4987]
Pintrich, P., Roeser, R., & DeGroot, E. (1994). Classroom and individual differences in early adolescent motivation and self-regulated learning. Journal of Early Adolescence, 14(2), 139-162.   http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/027243169401400204
Ramezani, M., Khamsan, A., & Rastgomghadam, M. (2017). The relationship between perceived social support from the teacher and academic engagement: the mediating role of academic self-regulation. Educational Innovation, 17(4(68)), 124-107. https://noavaryedu.oerp.ir/article_84342.html
Ren, X., Jing, B., Li, H., & Wu, C. (2022). The impact of perceived teacher support on Chinese junior high school students’ academic self-efficacy: The mediating roles of achievement goals and academic emotions. Front. Psychol, 13:1028722. [Doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1028722]
Safari, Z., & Jafarizadeh, F. (2023). The effect of mentalization on the perception and understanding of elementary school students with learning difficulties. The fifth national conference on innovation and research in psychology, law and cultural management, Tehran. https://civilica.com/doc/1751437
Samre, S., & Khazri Moghadam, N. (2014). The relationship between achievement goals and academic self-efficacy, the mediating role of academic engagement, Journal of Educational Strategies, 8(6), 13-20 http://edcbmj.ir/article-1-917-fa.html
Tamnai Far, M., & Arbabi Kahrodi, F. (2022). The relationship between self-regulation and self-efficacy with students' academic vitality: the mediating role of academic resilience. Journal of Educational Psychology Studies, 19(48), 61-39. https://jeps.usb.ac.ir/article_7168.html
Waber, D. P., Boiselle, E. C., Forbes, P. W., Girard, J. M., Sideridis, G. D. (2019). “Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents with Learning Problems: Development and Validation of the LD/QOL15 Scale”. Journal of learning disabilities, 52(2), 146-157. [Doi: 10.1177/0022219418775119]
Zare, A., Heidari, H., Davoodi, H. & Moeini Kia, M. (2022). Modeling self-assessment impact on math achievement with mediated by self-regulation and self-efficacy of high school students. Journal of School Psychology and Institutions, 11(2), 62-70. [DOI.org/10.22098/jsp.2022.1717]