نارسایی های پردازش اطلاعات حسی در کودکان مبتلا به ناتوان یهای یادگیری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه روان شناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

2 استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی و روان شناسی، دانشگاه ارومیه

3 کارشناس ارشد روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی

jld-2-1-91-7-2

چکیده

به نظر می رسد که کودکان مبتلا به ناتوان یهای یادگیری به دلیل داشتن
بدکارکردی های مغزی، اطلاعات را به شیوه ای متفاوت از کودکان عادی دریافت
و پردازش کنند. برای آزمون این فرض پژوهش حاضر با هدف مقایسه الگوی
پردازش اطلاعات حسی در کودکان با ناتوانی یادگیری و عادی انجام گرفت.
تعداد 3 گروه مبتلا به ناتوانی یادگیری ( 15 نفر با نارساخوانی/ نارسانویسی، 15 نفر
با نارسایی در حساب و 15 نفر با نارسایی مختلط از هر سه اختلال) که از بین
دانش آموزان مراکز ناتوانی های یادگیری اداره آموزش و پرورش شهر ارومیه به
روش نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده انتخاب شده بودند و یک گروه تصادفی 15 نفری
از دانش آموزان عادی در یک مطالع هی مقطعی – مقایسه ای شرکت کردند. بعد از
انجام مصاحب هی بالینی ساختار یافته برای اختلالات یادگیری جهت تأیید یا رد نوع
تشخیص از مادران کودکان خواسته شد به پرسشنامه ی نیم رخ کوتاه حسی پاسخ
دهند. داده های به دست آمده نیز با استفاده از آزمون های تحلیل واریانس یک راهه،
تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد که LSD تحلیل واریانس چند متغیری و آزمون تعقیبی
تفاوت آماری معنی داری بین میانگین نمرات گروه ها در مؤلف ههای حساسیت
لمسی، احساس خواهی، فیلتر کردن اطلاعات شنیداری، حساسیت دیداری/
شنیداری و همچنین نمره ی کلی نیم رخ حسی وجود دارد، ولی در مؤلفه های
حساسیت بویایی/ چشایی، میزان انرژی و حساسیت به حرکت تفاوت بویایی/
چشایی معنی داری بین گروه ها یافت نشد. این نتایج مبین وجود نارسایی هایی در
پردازش اطلاعات لمسی، دیداری/ شنیداری، احساس خواهی و توانایی فیلتر کردن
اطلاعات شنیداری در کودکان مبتلا به ناتوانی یادگیری می باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The deficits of sensory information processing in children with learning disabilities

نویسندگان [English]

  • S Bashrpoor 1
  • A Issazadeghan 2
  • L Ahmadian 3
1 Assistant Professor of Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
2 Assistant Professor of Psychology, Uremia University
3 M.A. in Psychology, university of Allameh Tabatabai
چکیده [English]

It appears that children with learning disabilities
receive and process information in different ways from
normal children due to having brain dysfunctions. To test
this hypothesis, the current study was conducted in order to
compare the pattern of sensory information processing
between children with learning disability and normal
children. The three groups with learning disability (15
persons with dyslexia/ dysgraphia, 15 persons with
dyscalculia, 15 persons with mixed disorder), who were
selected randomly from the student's of the learning
disability centers of Urumia educational office, and one 15
persons random group of normal students, participated in the
one cross-sectional study. Utilizing structured clinical
interview for confirmation or rejection of labeled diagnose,
the mothers of them were asked to respond to Short Sensory
Profile. The gathered data analyzed by one way ANOVA,
MANOVA and LSD post hog tests. Results showed that
there is significant difference between groups' means in
components of the tactile sensitivity, sensation seeking,
auditory filtering, visual/ auditory sensitivity and total score
of the sensory profile, but there are not any significant
difference between the groups in the components of smell/
taste sensitivity, energy level and movement sensitivity.
These results refer to the existence of deficits in the
processing of the tactile, visual, auditory information,
sensation seeking and ability to filter auditory information in
the children's with learning disability.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • sensory information processing
  • deficit
  • learning disability
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