Psychometric Properties of the Quality of Life Scale for Children and Adolescents with Special Learning Disabilities

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD student, Department of Educational psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

2 Professor. Department of Educational psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

3 M.A student, Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Educational sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

The purpose of the present study is to investigate Psychometric properties of 15-item scale of quality of life for children and adolescents with learning problems (LD/QOL15). In a descriptive-correlational study, 195 parents of students with special learning problems were selected through cluster random sampling in Mashhad during the academic year 2018-2019 and responded to LD/QOL15 by Weber et al (2019). Data analysis was performed by EFA, CFA, construct validity and internal consistency analysis using SPSS24 and AMOS20 software. The results showed that the scale had a three-factor structure that explained 62.28% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed this structure as well as the single-factor structure. Internal consistency of the scale with Cronbach's alpha for the dimensions of academic performance, school comprehension, child / family psychological and quality of life were 0.80, 0.84, 0.84, and 0.84, and split-half coefficients were 0.74, 0.84, 0.81 and 0.68, respectively. Therefore, the quality of life of children and adolescents with special learning problems in Mashhad's students has good validity and reliability and can be used as a precise tool in this field.

Keywords


محمدیان، ه.، اکبری، ح.،گیلاسی، ح..، قارلی پور، ذ.ا.، معظمی گودرزی، ع.، آقاجانی، م.، و همکاران. (1393). اعتباریابی پرسش نامه کیفیت زندگی کودکان (PedsQL) در شهر کاشان. مجله علمی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام، ۲۲ (۳)، ۱۰-۱۸. http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1935-fa.html
نیک آذین، ا.، نائینیان، م.ر.، و شعیری، م.ر. (1391). روایی و پایایی پرسشنامه کیفیت زندگی مرتبط با سلامت کیداسکرین 27 گویه‌ای در نمونه‌ای از دانش‌آموزان ایرانی. مجله روانپزشکی و روان‌شناسی بالینی ایران. ۱۸ (۴)، ۳۱۰-۳۲۱. http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1937-fa.html
سلطانی، ر.، کارشکی، ح.، آقامحمدیان شعرباف، ح.ر.، عبدخدایی، م.س.، و بافنده، ح. (1390). بررسی روایی و پایایی پرسش نامه کیفیت زندگی در مدرسه در مدارس شهر مشهد. مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان. سال 19(1)، 79-93. www.jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_16608.html
References
Bastiaansen, D., Koot, H. M., Ferdinand, R. F., & Verhulst, F. C. (2004). Quality of life in children with psychiatric disorders: self-, parent, and clinician report. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(2), 221-230. [DOI: 10.1097/00004583-200402000-00019]
Bauminger, N., & Kimhi-Kind, I. (2008). Social information processing, security of attachment, and emotion regulation in children with learning disabilities. Journal of learning disabilities, 41(4), 315-332. [DOI:10.1177/0022219408316095]
Bigby, C., & Beadle-Brown, J. (2018). Improving Quality of Life Outcomes in Supported Accommodation for People with Intellectual Disability: What Makes a Difference? J Appl Res Intellect Disabil, 31(2), e182-e200. [DOI:10.1111/jar.12291]
Chiu, C. Y., Seo, H., Turnbull, A. P., & Summers, J. A. (2017). Confirmatory Factor Analysis of a Family Quality of Life Scale for Taiwanese Families of Children With Intellectual Disability/Developmental Delay. Intellect Dev Disabil, 55(2), 57-71 [DOI:10.1352/1934-9556-55.2.57]
Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological bulletin, 112(1), 155. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2003-04106-018
Edwards, T. C., Patrick, D. L., & Topolski, T. D. (2003). Quality of life of adolescents with perceived disabilities. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 28(4), 233-241. [DOI:10.1093/jpepsy/jsg011]
Estell, D. B., Jones, M. H., Pearl, R., Van Acker, R., Farmer, T. W., & Rodkin, P. C. (2008). Peer groups, popularity, and social preference: Trajectories of social functioning among students with and without learning disabilities. Journal of learning disabilities, 41(1), 5-14. [DOI:10.1177/0022219407310993]
Fish, R., & Morgan, H. (2021). Them two are around when I need their help” The importance of good relationships in supporting people with learning disabilities to be “in a good space. British Journal of Learning Disabilities. (4): 21, ‏44-51 [DOI:10.1111/bld.12410]
Ginieri-Coccossis, M., Triantafillou, E., Tomaras, V., Mavreas, V., Soldatos, C. & Christodoulou, G. N.. (2012). Validating the WHOQOL-BREF in Greece: incorporating new items and exploring quality of life in patient and healthy populations. Psychiatry, 3(7), 17-26. [DOI:10.15386/mpr-1502]
Graham, S., Hebert, M., Fishman, E., Ray, A. B., & Rouse, A. G. (2020). Do children classified with specific language impairment have a learning disability in writing? A meta-analysis. Journal of learning disabilities, 53(4), 292-310.‏[DOI:10.1177/0022219420917338]
Grigorenko, E. L., Compton, D. L., Fuchs, L. S., Wagner, R. K., Willcutt, E. G., & Fletcher, J. M. (2019). Understanding, educating, and supporting children with specific learning disabilities: 50 years of science and practice. American Psychologist [DOI:10.1037/amp0000452]
Karande, S., Bhosrekar, K., Kulkarni, M., & Thakker, A. (2008). Health-related quality of life of children with newly diagnosed specific learning disability. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 55(3), 160-169. [DOI:10.1093/tropej/fmn099]
Kavale, K. A., & Forness, S. R. (2000). What definitions of learning disability say and don't say: A critical analysis. Journal of learning disabilities, 33(3), 239-256. [DOI:10.1177/002221940003300303]
Klassen, R. M., & Lynch, S. L. (2007). Self-efficacy from the perspective of adolescents with LD and their specialist teachers. Journal of learning disabilities, 40(6), 494-507. [DOI:10.1177/00222194070400060201]
Marsac, M., Funk, J., & Nelson, L. (2007). Coping styles, psychological functioning and quality of life in children with asthma. Child: care, health and development, 33(4), 360-367. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2214.2006.00701.x]
Mohamadian, h., akbari, h., gilasi, h., gharlipour, z., moazami, a., aghajani, m.,... azar abdar, a. (2014). Validation of Pediatric Quality of Life Questionnaire (PedsQL) in Kashan city. journal of ilam university of medical sciences, 22(3), 10-18. (Persian) http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1935-fa.html
Myers, N. D., Ahn, S., & Jin, Y. (2011). Sample size and power estimates for a confirmatory factor analytic model in exercise and sport: A Monte Carlo approach. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 82(3), 412-423. [DOI:10.1080/02701367.2011.10599773]
National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities. (2007). Learning Disabilities and Young Children: Identification and Intervention. A Report from the National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilitie, October, 2006 (pp. 63-72). Learning Disability Quarterly, 63-72. https://www.jstor.org/stable/30035516
Nik-Azin, A., Naeinian, M. R., & Shairi, M. R. (2013). Validity and Reliability of Health Related Quality of Life Questionnaire “KIDSCREEN-27” in a Sample of Iranian Students. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 18(4), 310-321. http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1937-fa.html
Silver, C. H., Ruff, R. M., Iverson, G. L., Barth, J. T., Broshek, D. K., Bush, S. S., ... & Planning Committee. (2008). Learning disabilities: The need for neuropsychological evaluation. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology23(2), 217-219. [DOI:10.1016/j.acn.2007.09.006]
Ravens-Sieberer, U., & Bullinger, M. (1998). Assessing health-related quality of life in chronically ill children with the German KINDL: first psychometric and content analytical results. Quality of Life Research, 7(5), 399-407. [DOI:10.1023/A:1008853819715]
Rotsika, V., Coccossis, M., Vlassopoulos, M., Papaeleftheriou, E., Sakellariou, K., Anagnostopoulos, D. C., ... & Skevington, S. (2011). Does the subjective quality of life of children with specific learning disabilities (SpLD) agree with their parents’ proxy reports?. Quality of Life Research20(8), 1271-1278.‏ [DOI:10.1007/s11136-011-9857-z]
Schalock, R. L., Keith, K. D., Verdugo, M. Á., & Gómez, L. E. (2010). Quality of life model development and use in the field of intellectual disability. In Enhancing the quality of life of people with intellectual disabilities (pp. 17-32): Springer. [DOI:10.1007/978-90-481-9650-0_2]
Soltani Shal, R., & Karshki, H. (2012). Evaluation of Validity and Reliability of the Quality of School Life Questionnaire in Mashhad Schools. Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 19(1). (Persian). www.jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_16608.html
Tabachnick, B., & Fidel, L. (2015). Using Multivariate Statistics., (Baloğlu, M., Çev. Ed.). Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık. https://ijpe.inased.org/makale/2662
Waber, D. P., Boiselle, E. C., Forbes, P. W., Girard, J. M., & Sideridis, G. D. (2019). Quality of life in children and adolescents with learning problems: Development and validation of the ld/qol15 scale. Journal of learning disabilities, 52(2), 146-157. [DOI:10.1177/0022219418775119]
Ware Jr, J. E., & Sherbourne, C. D. (1992). The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Medical care, 473-483. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3765916
Watson, S. M., & Keith, K. D. (2002). Comparing the quality of life of school-age children with and without disabilities. Mental Retardation, 40(4), 304-312. [DOI:10.1352/0047-765(2002)040<0304:CTQOLO>2.0.CO;2]
WHOQOL-BREF, W. (1996). Introduction, Administration, Scoring and Generic Version of the Assessment—Field Trial Version. Geneva, Switzerland. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/63529