تأثیر ادراک‌های زیرآستانه‌ای دیداری بر بازشناسی ابرازات هیجانی چهره‌ای در بین دانش‌آموزان با و بدون ناتوانی یادگیری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

کارشناس ارشد روان شناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر تحریک­های زیرآستانه­ای بر بازشناسی تظاهرات هیجانی چهره و همچنین مقایسه­ی دو گروه کودکان با ناتوانی یادگیری و عادی در  بازشناسی ابرازات هیجانی چهره صورت گرفت. نمونه­ی پژوهش شامل 45 دانش­آموز عادی و 45 دانش­آموز با ناتوانی یادگیری می­شد. آزمودنی‌ها برای مقایسه‌ی تأثیرات پیام‌های زیرآستانه­ای در سه گروه  (الف. گروه کنترل: بازشناسی ابراز هیجان­های چهره بدون­پیام زیرآستانه­ای، ب. گروه آزمایش اول:  بازشناسی ابراز هیجان­های چهره با پیام زیرآستانه­ای مثبت، ج. گروه آزمایش دوم: بازشناسی ابرازات هیجانی چهره­ای با پیام زیرآستانه­ای منفی، قرار گرفتند.در این پژوهش الگوی تحریک زیرآستانه­ای به همراه تحریک­های مختلفی از حالات هیجانی چهره به کار گرفته شد: هیجان مثبت(شادی) و هیجان منفی( غمگینی)، تصاویر زیرآستانه­ای در طول اجرای آزمون بازشناسی مکرراً و به سرعت (حدود 30هزارم ثانیه)ارائه می­شدند. نتایج، تأثیر قوی تحریک زیرآستانه­ای با هیجان مثبت را بر پاسخ دهی بیشتر به ابرازات چهره­ای شادی نشان داد. با این وجود، تأثیر تحریک زیرآستانه­ای هیجان منفی برای بازشناسی تظاهرات چهره­ای غم، تنها در گروه دانش­آموزان با ناتوانی یادگیری بدست آمد. علاوه بر این، پژوهش اخیر نشان داد که، دانش‌آموزان گروه عادی ابراز هیجانیغم را بهتر از سایر همتایان با ناتوانی یادگیری­شان تشخیص می‌دهند، این در حالی است که دو گروه تفاوت معناداری در بازشناسی سایر هیجان‌ها نداشتند. در مجموع نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که واکنش‌های هیجانی مثبت و منفی می‌توانند به صورت ناخودآگاه فراخوانده شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of subliminal visual perceptions on recognition of facial expressions of emotion among children with and without Learning Disabilities

نویسنده [English]

  • J Dorri Parsa
Corresponding Author: M. A. of general Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of subliminal primes on recognition of emotional facial expression and also comparing facial emotion recognition abilities in subjects with learning disabilities and without learning disabilities. Ninety subjects participated in the current study; including 45 student with learning disability(LD) ad 45 without LD. The subjects were compared for effectiveness of subliminal message in three groups: (a. control of group: recognition of emotional facial expressions without subliminal message b. first experimental group: recognition of emotional facial expressions with subliminal positive message c. second experimental groups: recognition of emotional facial expressions with subliminal negative message. also, compared recognition of emotional facial expression in normal children and (LD). In this study, a subliminal masked priming paradigm with varying faces as primes were used, and they were presented for duration of 30 ms and had two levels of emotion: positive emotion (happiness) and negative emotion (sadness). The results revealed a strong effect of emotional priming for positive emotion pictures. Participants both in normal group and LD tended to choose more target faces preceded by positive prime, when, subliminal prime was a positive emotion, but, the emotion priming for negative emotion pictures was only significant in LD group. Moreover, the current study demonstrated that normal group shows better recognition of sad facial expressions than the LD group, while the two groups do not differ in the recognition of other emotions. In other words, results show that both positive and negative emotional reactions can be unconsciously evoked.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Recognition of emotional facial expressions
  • Subliminal emotional priming
  • learning disability
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